THE HISTORY OF NOVEL PRICE

IN 1901, the Nobel Prize (Swedish: Nobelpriset) was introduced. Since that year, the award has been presented to various individuals and institutions around the world for successful and unique research and innovation and unparalleled humanitarian work. Awards are given in total five subjects. The subjects are: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. [1] The Nobel Prize is considered the most prestigious medal in the world in all these fields. [2] Nobel laureates are called Nobel laureates in English.


The Nobel Prize was introduced in accordance with a will made by the Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel in 1895. Nobel announced the award in his will before his death. Only the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded from Oslo, Norway. In other cases, the award ceremony is held in Stockholm, Sweden.

Prizes in subjects other than economics have been awarded since 1901, but economics began in 1969. Alfred Nobel did not mention economics in his will. The award was suspended from 1940 to 1942 for World War II. Each year the laureates receive a gold medal, a certificate and some amount of money from the Nobel Foundation. In 2012 AD, this amount was 8 million Swedish Krona. Nobel Prizes are not awarded to dead people. The laureate must be alive at the time of award. [3] But there are some exceptions. Awarded posthumously for outstanding contributions.




The awarding bodies announce the laureates in October. After the announcement, the medal was formally awarded on 10 December. This day is Alfred Nobel's death anniversary.


The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was previously held at the Norwegian Nobel Society (1905 - 1946) and at the Aula (auditorium) of the University of Oslo (1947 - 1990). The event is currently held at Oslo City Hall. Apart from this, the awards are presented at the Stockholm Concert Hall.[44]


 প্রতি বছর একই বিষয়ে সর্বোচ্চ তিনজনকে পুরস্কার দেয়া যায়। এই লরিয়েটদের প্রত্যেককে দেয়া হয়; একটি স্বর্ণপদক, এপ্রতিকটি ডিপ্লোমা, সুইডেনের নাগরিকত্ব এবং একটি মোটা অঙ্কের অর্থ। বর্তমানে এই অর্থের পরিমাণ হচ্ছে ১০ মিলিয়ন সুয়েডীয ক্রোনার (১ মিলিয়ন ইউরোর সামান্য বেশি/ ১.৪ মিলিয়ন মার্কিন ডলার)।[৪৫][৪৬] এই অর্থ প্রদানের মূল কারণ এই যে, লরিয়েটরা যেন পুরস্কার পাবার পর তাদের আরো উচ্চতর গবেষণা চালিয়ে যেতে পারে। কিন্তু বর্তমানে যে সময় নোবেল পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয় সে সময় দেখা যায় অধিকাংশ লরিয়েটই অবসর জীবন যাপন করছেন।


Since 1902, the King of Sweden has been presenting the award in Stockholm. The first year was King Oscar II of Sweden; He was against handing over such prestigious awards to foreigners. That is why he did not agree to the award. Later, however, he had to change his mind to protect his popularity and the honor of Sweden.


In 1904, the Norwegian Nobel Committee was formed. Earlier, the President of Norway performed all the formalities of awarding the Nobel Peace Prize. After its formation, 5 members of the committee are responsible for research activities for awarding peace awards. They are nominated by the Norwegian legislature, yet are completely independent and accountable to no one. Members of the Norwegian legislature cannot participate in this committee.
















Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

AZIZUL KHAN, THE INVENTOR OF FINGER PRINT HISTORY

Image
   AZIZUL KHAN Khan Bahadur Qazi Azizul Haque (1872 – 1935) was a Bengali inventor and police officer in British India, notable for his work with Edward Henry and Hem Chandra Bose in developing the Henry Classification System of fingerprints, which is still in use. Haque provided the mathematical basis for the system. Haque was born in 1872 in the village of Paigram Kasba, Phultala, in the Khulna division of the Bengal Presidency (now in Bangladesh). His parents died in a boat accident when he was young. He left his family home at age 12 and went to Kolkata, where he befriended a family who became impressed with his mathematical skills and arranged for him to get a formal education. Haque studied mathematics and science at Presidency College, Kolkata. In 1892, Edward Henry of the Calcutta Police wrote to the college principal asking for the recommendation of a strong statistics student to help with his fingerprint project, and the principal nominated Haque. Henry recruited Haq...
Read more

THE LIFE OF ALAIN ASPECT

Image
                      ALAIN ASPECT     (French: [aspɛ]; born 15 June 1947) is a French physicist known for his experimental work on quantum entanglement. Born June 15, 1947 (age 75). He is from the Ecole Normale Supérieure of the University of Orsay. He has received various awards in his life. The best among them is his Nobel Prize in 2022. Also has Hallweck Medal (1991) Wolf Prize in Physics (2010)  Albert Einstein Medal (2012) He is a famous physicist. Vision was elected a Foreign Fellow of the Royal Society (FormerMS) in 2015. Read his election certificate For his fundamental experiments in quantum optics and nuclear physics. Alain Aspect was the first to experimentally exclude subluminal communication between measurement stations, demonstrate that quantum mechanics invalidates the separable hidden-variable theory, and experimentally demonstrate wave-particle duality of a single photon. He co-discovered the techniq...
Read more

EVOLUTION

Image
      ★★ EVOLUTION   ★★★ Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.These characteristics are the expressions of genes that are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Different characteristics tend to exist within any given population as a result of mutation, genetic recombination and other sources of genetic variation. Evolution occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection (including sexual selection) and genetic drift act on this variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more common or rare within a population. The evolutionary pressures that determine whether a characteristic would be common or rare within a population constantly change, resulting in a change in heritable characteristics arising over successive generations. It is this process of evolution that has given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the le...
Read more

BIOTERRORISM (BIOWEAPON -5)

Image
  BIO TERRORISM  Biological weapons are difficult to detect, economical and easy to use, making them appealing to terrorists. The cost of a biological weapon is estimated to be about 0.05 percent the cost of a conventional weapon in order to produce similar numbers of mass casualties per kilometer square. Moreover, their production is very easy as common technology can be used to produce biological warfare agents, like that used in production of vaccines, foods, spray devices, beverages and antibiotics. A major factor in biological warfare that attracts terrorists is that they can easily escape before the government agencies or secret agencies have even started their investigation. This is because the potential organism has an incubation period of 3 to 7 days, after which the results begin to appear, thereby giving terrorists a lead. A technique called Clustered, Regularly Interspaced, Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR-Cas9) is now so cheap and widely available that scientists ...
Read more

HISTORY OF Submarine (PART-I)

Image
  HISTORY OF                  SUBMARINE (PART- I)  A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.  It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub. Submarines are referred to as "boats" rather than "ships" irrespective of their size. Although experimental submarines had been built earlier, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and they were adopted by several navies. They were first widely used during World War I (1914–1918), and are now used in many navies, large and small. Military uses include attacking enemy surface ships (merchant and military) or other submarines, and for aircraft carrier protection, blockade running, nuclear deterrence, reconnaissa...
Read more

HISTORY OF SUBMARINE (PART-II)

Image
  SUBMARINES TECHNOLOGY   Before and during World War II, the primary role of the submarine was anti-surface ship warfare. Submarines would attack either on the surface using deck guns, or submerged using torpedoes. They were particularly effective in sinking Allied transatlantic shipping in both World Wars, and in disrupting Japanese supply routes and naval operations in the Pacific in World War II. Mine-laying submarines were developed in the early part of the 20th century. The facility was used in both World Wars. Submarines were also used for inserting and removing covert agents and military forces in special operations, for intelligence gathering, and to rescue aircrew during air attacks on islands, where the airmen would be told of safe places to crash-land so the submarines could rescue them. Submarines could carry cargo through hostile waters or act as supply vessels for other submarines. Submarines could usually locate and attack other submarines only on the surf...
Read more

Defend and BIOWEAPON -(BW8)

Image
 In 2010 at The Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and Their Destruction in Geneva[] the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance was suggested as well-tested means for enhancing the monitoring of infections and parasitic agents, for the practical implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005). The aim was to prevent and minimize the consequences of natural outbreaks of dangerous infectious diseases as well as the threat of alleged use of biological weapons against BTWC States Parties. Many countries require their active-duty military personnel to get vaccinated for certain diseases that may potentially be used as a bioweapon such as anthrax. Public health and disease surveillance It is important to note that most classical and modern biological weapons' pathogens can be obtained from a plant or an animal which is naturally infected. In the ...
Read more

BIOWEAPON (PART-3)

Image
    LAW OF               BIOWEAPON International restrictions on biological warfare began with the 1925 Geneva Protocol, which prohibits the use but not the possession or development of biological and chemical weapons. Upon ratification of the Geneva Protocol, several countries made reservations regarding its applicability and use in retaliation. Due to these reservations, it was in practice a "no-first-use" agreement only.[] The 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) supplements the Geneva Protocol by prohibiting the development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use of biological weapons.[] Having entered into force on 26 March 1975, the BWC was the first multilateral disarmament treaty to ban the production of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction.[] As of March 2021, 183 states have become party to the treaty.[60] The BWC is considered to have established a strong global norm against biological weapons,[] wh...
Read more

BIOLOGICAL WARFARE (PART-1)

Image
    BIOLOGICAL                                WARFARE               also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. Biological weapons (often termed "bio-weapons", "biological threat agents", or "bio-agents") are living organisms or replicating entities ( ⁠i.e. viruses, which are not universally considered "alive"). Entomological (insect) warfare is a subtype of biological warfare. ★ Offensive biological warfare is prohibited under customary international humanitarian law and several international treaties.In particular, the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) bans the development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use of biological weapons. Therefore, the use of bio...
Read more