THE KOHINOOR DIAMOND

                   KOHINOOR 

                   


  

... a nomadic diamond. 


History of precious diamond Kohinoor: 


The Mughal Emperor Babur said "Its price could feed all the people of the whole world for one day". Kohinoor is one of the world's most adorable and valuable diamonds of all time. This rare beautiful brilliant diamond has been one of the most adored objects in the world ever since it was lost from its original owner in the Kakatiya region of Orangal, India. Never bought or sold, this priceless diamond changed hands from many empires such as the Khilji, Mughal, Persian, Afghan and the British before finally landing a place in the Tower of London. Our today's article is about the history of precious diamond Kohinoor.


The complex history of the priceless Kohinoor diamond dates back to the 13th century. Weighing 793 carats, this massive diamond originated from the Golconda mines in India, which at that time belonged to the Calcutta Empire. Legend has it that around 1310 it was the eye of a deity located in a temple in Calcutta, Warangal.

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Calcutta Temple in Warangal:


In the early 14th century, Alauddin Khilji, the 2nd ruler of the Khilji Empire of the Delhi Sultanate, and his army began plundering the kingdoms of South India. During a plundering raid on Warangal, a Khilji general named Malik Kafur captured the precious diamond and later sent it to the Delhi Sultanate.

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In 1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the Battle of Panipat and the victorious Babur learned that there was a priceless diamond in the royal palace of Agra whose description defies all languages. Babar with great enthusiasm

 He acquired the diamond and named it "Babur's Diamond". He even mentions it in his autobiography "Babarnama".


After Babur's death, Babur's son Humayun got this precious diamond. And from him gradually other Mughal emperors got possession of it. Special mention should be made of Emperor Shah Jahan, who placed this priceless diamond on his peacock throne.

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Shah Jahan's Peacock Throne:



He was later besieged by his son Aurangzeb in the Agra fort, and he used to sit by the window and watch the reflection of the Taj Mahal he built on top of this diamond.


During the reign of Aurangzeb, the French traveler and gem connoisseur 'Tavernoir' toured India in search of the precious gem. On the patronage of Aurangzeb, he had the sight of the Kohinoor and painted its first portrait.


Aurangzeb commissioned a Venecio jeweler named Hortenso Borgia to cut and beautify Kuhinur. But due to Juhuri's stupidity and ignorance, the weight of the diamond decreased from 793 carats to 186 carats. Aurangzeb was so enraged by Juhuri's folly that he refused to pay his remuneration and ordered the confiscation of all Juhuri's property.

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From the Mughals to Persia and Afghanistan:


During the reign of Aurangzeb's grandson Muhammad Shah, Delhi was invaded by the Persian Emperor Nadir Shah in 1739. His army looted the entire jewels of the Mughal treasury, including the Peacock Throne and the diamond 'Daria e Noor' along with the Kohinoor diamond. But they did not find the Kohinoor diamond anywhere. Another interesting incident is how Nadir Shah later captured the Kohinoor Hirati.


Muhammad Shah carried his priceless Kohinoor diamond secretly in the folds of his turban. This secret information was not known to anyone except his most trusted few. Among his loyalists was a knight of his harem. That Khoja divulged the Kohinoor diamond to Muhammad Shah in the hope of gaining favor with the conqueror Nadir Shah. And Nadir Shah threw a banquet as part of a ruse to restore Muhammad Shah to his throne in order to woo Hirati.


During the banquet, Nadir Shah invited Muhammad Shah to eternal friendship and offered to exchange turbans. And Muhammad Shah could not refuse this proposal out of politeness. At the end of the banquet Nadir Shah entered his own secret chamber and eagerly searched for the turban and found the Kohinoor diamond. Fascinated by the diamond's brilliance and beauty, Nadir Shah named it "Ku-hi-nur" which means "light of the mountain" in Persian. One of Nadir Shah's companions was impressed by the beauty of Kuhinur and described it as "If a mighty man takes four stones, one in the north, one in the south, one in the east, and one in the west, and the space between them is filled with gold, then It cannot beat the value of the Kohinoor”.


Nadir Shah was later assassinated by the Guptas soon after his return to Persia, and the Kohinoor hirati passed to Ahmad Shah Abdali, an Abdal general who later became an Afghan amir.

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Re-arrival of precious diamond Kohinoor in India:


Later in 1813 Abdali's descendant Shah Suja brought the Kohinoor diamond back to India and gave it to Ranjit Singh, the ruler of Lahore, in return for his help in retaking the throne of Afghanistan.


Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire, used the Kohinoor diamond in combination with his armband or bala and wore it on all important occasions. Hirati was with him for almost 20 years. Ranjit Singh left a bequest in the name of Jagannath Temple in Hirati Puri or present day Orissa. But after his death in 1839, the East India Company rejected his will.


Ranjit Singh's son Duleep Singh was defeated in the Anglo-Sikh War and Punjab came under British rule. Through the intervention of Lord Dalhousie, the final treaty was signed at Lahore and according to the treaty, the Kohinoor Hiratio, along with all the Maharajah's possessions, was handed over to Queen Victoria. 

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Amulya Kohinoor's visit to England:


On 6 April 1850 Kohinoor left for India aboard HMS Medea. This journey of Kohinoor was so secret that even the captain of the ship did not know that his ship was carrying the precious Kohinoor.


The East India Company formally handed over the Kohinoor to Queen Victoria in a grand ceremony at Hyde Park in London.


The queen and prince were unhappy with the Mughal style cut of the diamond and decided to recut the diamond to enhance its beauty. The re-cut of the Kohinoor takes 38 days and costs around £8,000 to produce a magnificent oval shaped diamond of 108.93 carats. Dutch jeweler Mr. Despite Cantor's efforts, the diamond's weight was reduced slightly. In 1853, the Kohinoor diamond was placed in the Queen's crown jewel, which included over 2,000 other diamonds.

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Crown of Kohinoor on British Queen's head:


Later Queen Victoria often wore the Kohinoor diamond and bequeathed that only daughters of the royal family could wear the Kohinoor. This is because there is an ancient curse on the Kohinoor. Where it is said –

“Whoever wears this diamond will conquer the world, but will also fall into great misfortune. Only a god or a woman can wear this diamond without curse”.


As a result, the diamond was worn by female members of the British royal family. Since passing into the hands of the British royal family, the diamond has been worn by Queens Victoria, Alexandra, Mary and Elizabeth.


The Kohinoor diamond is currently on display at the Tower of London along with other royal gems.

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Location: United States

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